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全球气候变暖的影响与危害作文_全球气候变暖的影响与危害英文
tamoadmin 2024-08-18 人已围观
简介1.“温室效应”用英语怎么说?2.aroundtheworld3.全球变暖对中国河流海洋气候的影响 英文版4.求“气候变暖的原因,是大量温室气体被排放、大面积的森林被砍伐”的英文翻译。5.‘减缓全球变暖,我们应该从自己做起,从身边的小事做起’翻译为英语怎么写?这是关于:global warmingWhat Can We Do About Global Warming? First, keep in
1.“温室效应”用英语怎么说?
2.aroundtheworld
3.全球变暖对中国河流海洋气候的影响 英文版
4.求“气候变暖的原因,是大量温室气体被排放、大面积的森林被砍伐”的英文翻译。
5.‘减缓全球变暖,我们应该从自己做起,从身边的小事做起’翻译为英语怎么写?
这是关于:global warming
What Can We Do About Global Warming?
First, keep in mind the goal, which is to bring the potentially catastrophic warming under control by curtailing the release of carbon dioxide and other heat-tring gases into the atmosphere.
Ordinary people can help immediately by becoming more energy efficient. Stop using the familiar incandescent light bulbs and replace them with compact fluorescent bulbs, which last much longer and use only a quarter of the energy consumed by conventional bulbs.
Compact fluorescent bulbs are significantly more expensive, but because they last so long (up to 10 times the life of a standard bulb) and use so little electricity, they are substantially cheaper in the long run.
Next, when shopping for an liance -- a refrigerator, a dishwasher, an air-conditioner -- select the one with the highest energy efficiency rating. There will be a sticker on the liance, telling you how much energy it uses. Pay attention. There can be a difference of 30 percent to 40 percent or more in the amount of energy consumed by liances with comparable features.
Even more important is the choice you make in the car or truck you buy. Motor vehicles are responsible for about a third of the carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. The vehicles that are the most fuel efficient emit the least carbon dioxide. (Fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions are inversely proportional. If you double fuel economy, you cut carbon dioxide emissions in half.)
According to the research and advocacy group Environmental Defense, if you buy a new car that gets 10 more miles per gallon than your old car, the amount of carbon dioxide reduction realized in one year will be about 2,500 pounds.
So buying a car or truck that suits your needs and is fuel efficient is a big help.
Honda and Toyota are bringing so-called hybrid vehicles onto the market in the U.S. Hybrids are cars that combine an internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor. They are mid-sized cars that are achieving twice the fuel economy of conventional cars.
Dr. Paul Epstein, associate director of the Center for Health and the Global Environment at Harvard Medical School, summed the matter up as follows: "The issue is not so much what we are doing, but how we power what we are doing. That's the first step."
Over the long term, the requirements are far more ambitious. Ideally, over the course of the next 100 or so years, a transformation will take place and most energy will end up coming not from fossil fuels like coal and oil, but from clean energy sources -- the sun, the wind, hydrogen and non-polluting fuel cells.
"To get there at a cost that's affordable will require substantial technological development," said Dr. Michael Oppenheimer, the chief scientist of Environmental Defense.
To move from our pollution-choked present to a future in which climate change is not a mortal threat will take more than that all-important first step of an enlightened citizenry buying cleaner cars and more efficient liances. Tough action by Congress and the president is needed, and soon. And international cooperation, with enforceable agreements covering both industrialized and, ultimately, developing nations, will be crucial.
Among other things, the federal can offer subsidies and other incentives to reduce the cost and foster the use of existing clean-energy technology, and to encourage the development of ever more efficient new technologies. And the can -- and should -- develop more sophisticated strategies like emissions trading and more stringent requirements for reducing carbon dioxide emissions everywhere.
Global warming is the most serious problem we face in the 21st century. Last week an intensive analysis by a respected geologist at Texas A&M University, suggested -- as most scientists he been saying for some time now -- that human activity, not natural factors, is the primary cause of the warming.
We caused the problem and we he within our grasp a variety of potential solutions. To ignore those solutions, to be aware of them but not make use of them, is not just profoundly destructive, it's suicidal.
(by Bob Herbert
Published on Monday, July 17, 2000 in the New York Times)
还有一篇环境保护的.
man and environment
the world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. bird flu and sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our life. besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather.
serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. first of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of “sustainable development”, and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our has been doing.
what' s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment. in addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment.
2.The environmental protection is the most major problem which in the modern life the humanity faces. Must solve this problem must start from foundation. First, must massively propagandize, enhances people's consciousness with understanding, strengthens the environmental protection consciousness. Next, must carry on waste recovery use, reduces to forest-tree's felling. Also must strengthen to white pollution processing, little uses the plastic product. Finally, must make improvement to clean aspect. Causes the city's earance to be neater. For Earth's tomorrow, we must start from the now diligently, will want the well local constable to protect the environment. To this us proposes as follows suggests: Implementation trash classification packed in bags. Like this not only can reduce the environmental sanitation worker's work load, but also can even better basically arrive makes use of waste, to reduce the pollution, ses the resources
还有1个
世界水的缺乏World Water Shortage
A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not he enough water by the year 2025.
一项新的研究结果提出警告:到2025年,世界上将有30%的人没有足够的水饮用。
A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.
这项研究是由美国一家名叫“人口行动”的私立机构进行的。报告说现在世界上有三亿三千五百万人没有足够的水。这些人主要分布在非洲或中东的28个国家。
P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to he severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
人口行动组织的研究人罗博特.安格曼说,到2025年大约三十亿人缺水。至少还有其他18个国家将可能面临同样严重的水短缺问题。人类对水的需求不断上升,但地球上水的还是保持不变。
Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
安格曼先生说,水短缺的?业娜丝谠龀ぢ室?哂谑澜缙渌?厍?娜丝谠龀ぢ省K?顾嫡庑┕?业娜丝诔錾?式?中?龀ぁ?
The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may he to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.
报告表明,在未来,水的缺乏可能会导致一些严重的后果。首先它可能会产生更多的健康问题。水的缺乏就意味着饮用水不再有保障。安格曼先生说,诸如霍乱等在水中传播的疾病会使世界出现许多问题。水缺乏也会引起更多的国际纷争。各国可能由于水而发动战争。现在有些国家,例如埃及,荷兰,柬埔寨,叙利亚,苏丹和伊拉克等,60%的纯净水是从国外进口的。报告认为水缺乏将影响发展国家发展经济的能力。这是因为新工业在开始阶段经常需要大量的水。
The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.
人口行动组织的研究报告为世界的水短缺问题提出了几个解决的办法。第一,找到多用途的用水方法。第二,教育人们不要浪费水。第三就是少用农业水。
The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people he.
报告同时表明,控制人口增长是长远解决水缺乏问题不可缺少的措施之一。它说除非各国能通过限制生育来降低人口的增长,否则它们不可能提供干净的水。
Global warming a bigger threat to poor全球变暖加剧贫穷 气候变化急待控制
Global warming, modelled on computer here, kills more people than terrorism
Global warming threatens to reverse human progress, and make unachievable all UN targets to reduce poverty(联合国所有减少贫穷的目标), according to some of the world's leading international and development groups.
In a report published today, Oxfam, Greenpeace, Christian Aid, Friends of the Earth, WWF(英国牛津救济委员会、“绿色和平”组织、基督徒互援会、“地球之友”组织、世界野生动物基金组织) and 15 other groups say rich s must immediately address(致力于) climate change to oid even "obscene levels(无法忍受的程度)" of worldwide poverty.
"Food production, water supplies, public health and people's livelihoods are already being damaged and undermined," the report says. "There is no either/or roach possible(想找一个‘非此即彼'的办法是不可能的). The world must meet its commitments to achieve poverty reduction and also tackle climate change. The two are inextricably linked(二者的联系是难解难分的)."
The report, which draws on UN predictions of the effects of climate change in poor countries over the next 50 years, says poor countries will experience more flooding, declining food production, more disease and the deterioration or extinction of entire ecosystems(整个生态系统的退化甚至消失) on which many of the world's poorest people depend.
"Climate change needs to be addressed now. The poor will bear the brunt of the impacts. The frontline experience of many of us working in international development indicates that communities are hing to combat more extreme weather conditions."
Climate change will play hoc(大范围的破坏;浩劫) with agriculture and water supplies and will increase diseases. "By 2025 the proportion of the world's population living in countries of significant water stress will almost double, to 6 billion people. Tropical and sub-tropical areas will be hardest hit - those countries already suffering from food insecurity(食品短缺)".
Poor communities mostly do not need hi-tech solutions, but would most benefit from education, research and being shown how to farm better. The report says unchecked global warming(尚未得到抑制的全球变暖), more than wars or political upheal(), will displace millions of people and destabilise many countries.
“温室效应”用英语怎么说?
1. Dramatic increase in the population factor is the dramatic increase in population in recent years leading to global warming one of the main factors. Besides, it has also seriously Adversity rib natural balance between ecological environment. So much of the population, only their annual emissions of carbon dioxide will be a staggering figure, and the results will direct derivative of the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continued to increase, this form of carbon dioxide "greenhouse effect" will be a direct impact on the surface of the Earth climate change.
2. Atmospheric pollution factors Currently, the increasingly serious environmental pollution has posed a major global problem, but also lead to global warming one of the main factors. Now, with regard to the study of global climate change has been clearly pointed out that since the late 1990s from the Earth's surface temperature has started to rise.
3. Marine ecological deterioration factors Currently, sea level change is a constant upward trend, according to experts predicted that the middle of the next century, the sea level could rise 50 cm. And if they do not take measures will lead directly to the destruction of freshwater resources and pollution adverse consequences. In addition, the land-based activities he a large number of establishments toxic chemical wastes and solid wastes discharged into the ocean, and so constantly; occurred in a major Chinese seawater (leakage) as well as oil and other incidents caused by human activities in coastal areas, environmental degradation and so on that led to the destruction of water ecological environment a major factor.
4. Land by erosion, desertification, and other factors destruction
5. Factors sharp decline of forest resources in the world, due to natural or man-made factors causing forest area is substantially sharp decline.
6. Factors acid rain acid rain harm to the ecological environment has been the impact brought about by more and more world attention. Acid rain can damage forests, acid lakes, threaten biological. At present, the world of acid rain and more concentrated in Europe and North America, acid rain occurred in most developed countries, some developing countries, acid rain is also growing rapidly and development.
7. Accelerate the extinction of species on Earth biological factors is a valuable human resources, and biodiversity is mankind's survival and development. But now the biological species on Earth are being lost at unprecedented rates.
8. Water pollution factors According to the Global Environment Monitoring System show that the water quality monitoring project, the world about 10% of the water pollution monitoring, in this century, human beings are the sharp increase in water consumption, water pollution and the scale is constantly expanding, fresh water on the formation and the need for the one pair of contradictions. Clearly, the treatment of water pollution is very urgent and important.
9. Toxic waste pollution factors growing toxic chemicals not only for the survival of mankind pose a serious threat, but also for the ecological environment of the Earth's surface will also bring harm.
1。在人口因素急剧增加的人口近年急剧增加导致了全球变暖的主要因素之一。此外,它也严重危肋骨自然生态环境之间的平衡。这么多的人口,只有他们每年二氧化碳的排放量将是一个惊人的数字,其结果将直接在大气中二氧化碳的含量衍生继续增加,这种形式的二氧化碳“温室效应”将是直接影响地球气候变化的表面。
2。大气污染因素,目前,日趋严重的环境污染已成为一个严重的全球性问题,而且还导致了全球变暖的主要因素之一。现在,关于全球气候变化的研究已清楚指出,由于从地球的表面温度90年代后期开始上升。
3。海洋生态环境恶化的因素,目前的海平面变化是一个不断上升的趋势,据预测,到下世纪中叶,海平面将上升50厘米的专家。如果他们不取措施,将直接导致淡水和污染的不良后果的破坏。此外,陆上活动有大量的机构有毒化学废物和固体废物排放到海洋,因此不断,在我国主要海水(泄漏)以及石油和人类活动造成的其他发生沿海地区,环境恶化和对导致水环境,破坏生态的一个主要因素。
4。土地的水土流失,荒漠化,以及其他因素的破坏
5。急剧下降的因素对森林在世界上,由于自然或人为因素造成森林面积大幅度急剧下降。
6。因素酸雨酸雨危害生态环境的影响已经对越来越多的世界带来的关注。酸雨会破坏森林,湖泊酸,威胁生物。目前,酸雨和更多的欧洲和北美集中,酸雨发生在世界上大多数发达国家,一些发展中国家,酸雨也在迅速发展。
7。加快地球上的生物物种灭绝的因素,是一种宝贵的人力和生物多样性是人类的生存和发展。但是,现在地球上生物物种正在以前所未有的速度丧失。
8。水体污染的因素根据全球环境监测系统显示,水质监测项目,世界上约有10%的水污染监测在本世纪,人类的耗水量,水质污染和规模急剧增加,不断扩大,在淡水和形成为一对矛盾的需要。显然,水污染治理是非常迫切和重要。
9。有毒废物污染因素不断增长,不仅为人类的生存有毒化学品造成严重威胁,但对地球表面的生态环境也将带来伤害。
aroundtheworld
“温室效应”用英语为:Greenhouse Effect。
温室效应是透射阳光的密闭空间由于与外界缺乏热交换而形成的保温效应,就是太阳短波辐射可以透过大气射入地面,而地面增暖后放出的长波辐射却被大气中的二氧化碳等物质所吸收,从而产生大气变暖的效应。
大气中的二氧化碳就像一层厚厚的玻璃,使地球变成了一个大暖房。如果没有大气,地表平均温度就会下降到-23℃,而实际地表平均温度为15℃,这就是说温室效应使地表温度提高38℃。大气中的二氧化碳浓度增加,阻止地球热量的散失,使地球发生可感觉到的气温升高,这就是有名的“温室效应”。
扩展资料
温室效应的影响:
(1)冰川消退,海平面上升
气候变暖,使极地及高山冰川融化,从而使海平面上升。气温升高导致海水受热膨胀,也会使海平面上升。观测表明,近100余年来海平面上升了14~15cm,据预测,未来海平面将继续上升。
(2)气候带北移,引发生态问题
据估计,若气温升高1℃,北半球的气候带将平均北移约100km。
(3)加重区域灾害
全球变暖会加大海洋和地表水的蒸发速度,从而改变降水量和降水频率在时间和空间上的分布。
(4)危害人类健康
温室效应导致极热天气出现频率增加,使心血管和呼吸系统疾病的发病率上升,同时还会加速流行性疾病的传播和扩散,从而直接威胁人类健康。
百度百科-温室效应
全球变暖对中国河流海洋气候的影响 英文版
around the world
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求“气候变暖的原因,是大量温室气体被排放、大面积的森林被砍伐”的英文翻译。
全球变暖的后果
1.对气候的影响
随着温度的上升,预计有些地区的水灾、旱灾、火灾及热浪冲击的发生率也会上升。
——IPCC1995年报告
如果这种情况继续下去并进一步发展,有些国家的整个国土最终将变得不适于人类居住。
——兰姆
将更多的二氧化碳和温室气体排放到大气中所造成的危害,谁也无法确切地说明将来会有多严重?科学家正在估算气候变化所带来的危害。按目前的技术水平计算,2004年才能阐明大气中二氧化碳形成和消解的机理,这样就能发现温室效应是如何产生的。2006年才能准确的预知因地球升温而造成的海平面上升。然而真正理解这一切要到2050年。显然,科学家和政治家都不会等到进一步的结果出来才取防治措施,现在的观察和研究成果应该都让公众了解,才不至于使人们不得不在50年后自咽苦果。
温室效应自地球形成以来,它就一直在起作用。如果没有温室效应,地球表面就会寒冷无比,温度就会降到零下20摄氏度,海洋就会结冰,生命就不会形成。因此,我们面临的不是有没有温室效应的问题,而是人类通过燃烧化石燃料把大量温室气体排入大气层,致使温室效应与地球气候发生急剧变化的问题。
温室效应会产生什么样的影响呢?黄荣辉院士说:“由于矿物燃料的燃烧和大量森林的砍伐,致使地球大气中的二氧化碳浓度增加,由于二氧化碳等气体的温室效应,在过去100年里,全球地面平均温度大约已升高了0.3——0.6摄氏度,到2030年估计将再升高1——3摄氏度”。
当全世界的平均温度升高1摄氏度,巨大的变化就会产生:海平面会上升,山区冰川会后退,积雪区会缩小。由于全球气温升高,就会导致不均衡的降水,一些地区降水增加,而另一些地区降水减少。如西非的萨赫勒地区从1965年以后干旱化严重;我国华北地区从1965 年起,降水连年减少,与50年代相比,现在华北地区的降水已减少了1/3,水减少了1/2;我国每年因干旱受灾的面积约4亿亩,正常年份全国灌区每年缺水300亿立方米,城市缺水60亿立方米。
由于气温升高,在过去100年中全球海平面每年以1——2毫米的速度在上升,预计到2050年海平面将继续上升30——50厘米,这将淹没沿海大量低洼土地;此外,由于气候变化导致旱涝、低温等气候灾害加剧,造成了全世界每年约数百亿以上美元的经济损失。
因此,全球气候变化预测不仅成为国际上重要的科学研究课题,而且已成为我国在制定政策与进行经济建设决策的依据。特别是1992年6月联合国的环境与发展大会上,许多国家已签署了“气候变化框架公约”,并于1995年3月已开缔约国第一次大会,这标场着全球气候变化问题已成为我国为促进本国社会和经济持续发展所发须考虑的一个重要的科学和有关环境政策问题。
早在1987年的气候分析就说明,发生在埃塞俄比亚、苏丹和索马里等非洲国家的日益严重的饥荒和降雨模式的巨变是一致的。据4月27日法新社记者报道,位于埃塞俄比亚南部的欧加登地区是一个生活着约300万游牧民的半荒凉地区,3年来一直没有下雨,牛、羊,甚至骆驼都已渴死。年——1985年的干旱夺走近100万人的生命。现在,800万人等待着食品紧急援助。在将一个半世纪以来的气候测量资料与近几十年降水模式的巨大变动对比后,结论是,“20世纪50年代以前,降水量一直没有什么变化,到了50年代,经过相对雨水较多的一段时期之后,北非和中东降雨量极大地减少。”近40年来,干旱持续,并且出现得更加频繁,同一时期“欧洲的降水量显著增加”。这40年的气温变化趋势是造成反复、持久饥荒的因素之一。研究人员担心,这一趋势只是全球变暖的早期结果。
西班牙气象局的数据显示,2000年初是自1947年以来西班牙最干旱的冬天。大量种植区已不可能恢复在今后几个月中形势将更加恶化。水库的蓄水量仅达到50%,水消费量的80%已用于农业。事实上,目前每7名欧洲人中就有1人不能饮用自来水。联合国教科文组织说:“水的缺乏将成为今后25年的主要问题之一,因此,必须立即改变目前导致生态系统恶化的习惯。”
气候专家兰姆针对上述萨赫勒地区最近40年的气候变化趋势及随之而来的饥荒和逃亡状况说,“如果这种情况继续下去并进一步发展,有些国家的整个国土最终将变得不适于人类居住”。尽管气候学家们还是不愿意把全球变暖和这些灾难明确地联系起来,但这并不影响以下的必然结论:不管气候变化的原因是什么,在现代化的、富裕的全球文明之中,仍有一些脆弱的社会正多多少少由于气候型态的变化而承受巨大的苦难。目前,对于受难的人们,世界上其他地区除了修修补补之外,提不出真正的解决办法。而且,虽然几乎全世界的科学界都在大声疾呼,人类文明的现行模式正在使星球气候条件发生巨变,其后果很可能数倍于近10000年来人类所经历过的后果,我们对于正在形成的灾难的主要成因却仍然毫无作为。
事实上这一结果现在已经明显感觉到了,正如IPCC1995年报告中说:“随着温度的上升,预计有些地区的水灾、旱灾、火灾及热浪冲击的发生率也会上升”。
2.冰川融化
即使冰川融水在60至100年的时间里干涸,这一生态灾难的影响范围之广也将是令人震惊的。
——塞义德·哈斯内恩
如果全球变暖趋势得不到控制,孟加拉国将近20%的地区在15年内可能被水淹没。
——赛义达·乔杜里
1998年是美国东部历史上有记录以来最温暖的年份,这一年南极2850平方千米的冰盖从威尔金斯和拉尔森冰架上分裂出去。南极巨大冰盖的其他部分也在全线后撤之中。
印度尼西亚的卡斯坦兹山是热亚洲唯一山顶常年积雪的山峰。但在最近几个世纪以来,卡斯坦兹山的冰川已明显地缩小,结果使雪线上升了大约100米。
除两极地区的冰冠以外,喜玛拉雅冰川是世界冰体最大的组成部分,共约有1.5万条冰川。这些冰川的融水是世界上最古老的河流——印度河与恒河的水源。如果这两条大河的水源枯竭或者逐渐减少为涓涓细流,农业社会的基本组成元素就会遭到彻底的破坏。
近年来,人们对从巴塔哥尼亚到瑞士的阿尔卑斯山地区的冰川因为“温室”气体的排放和普遍认为的温室效应而融化的情况进行了观察。在南亚地区,问题并不是冰川是否在融化,而是融化的速度有多快?虽然全球变暖的许多不良影响可能要到21世纪末才会变得非常严重,但是尼泊尔、印度、巴基斯坦、中国和不丹等地的冰川融水可能很快就会给人们造成麻烦。
国际冰雪委员会(ICSI)的一份研究报告指出:“喜玛拉雅地区冰川后退的速度比世界其它任何都要快。如果目前的融化速度继续下去,这些冰川在2035年之前消失的可能性非常之大”。国际冰雪委员会负责人塞义德·哈斯内恩说:“即使冰川融水在60至100年的时间里干涸,这一生态灾难的影响范围之广也将是令人震惊的。”
位于恒河流域的喜玛拉雅山东部地区冰川融化的情况最为严重,那些分布在“世界屋脊”上的从不丹到克什米尔地区的冰川退缩的速度最快。以长达3英里的巴尔纳克冰川为例,这座冰川是4000万——5000万年前印度次大陆与亚洲大陆发生碰撞而形成的许多冰川之一,自1990年以来,它已经后退了半英里。在经过了19年严寒的亚北极区冬季之后,科学家们曾经预计这条冰川会有所扩展,但是它在1998年夏天反而进一步后退了。
孟加拉国环境与森林部长赛义达·乔杜里指出:“如果全球变暖趋势得不到控制,孟加拉国将近20%的地区在15年内可能被水淹没。”
华盛顿州西北太平洋国家实验室的研究员、气候专家鲁比·伦发现,俄勒冈州和华盛顿州山区从11月下旬到来年3月下旬的降雪将变为降雨,从而使如今900多米的平均雪线上升到1250米。这将不仅仅使卡斯卡德山脉中部的滑雪胜地变为泥浆,重要的是将给干燥的山脉东侧的农民带来巨大的灾难,因为这些农民依靠山上春季的融冰雪水流下来灌溉他们的苹果树和小麦。
3.疾病肆虐
气候变暖,一些热带疾病将向较冷的地区传播。海拔较高处的环境也越来越有利于蚊子和它们所携带的疟原虫子这样的微生物生存。
——保罗.受泼斯坦
哈佛大学新病和复发病研究所的保罗.受泼斯坦注意到,植物也随雪线而移动,全世界山峰上的植物都在上移。随着山峦顶峰的变暖,海拔较高处的环境也越来越有利于蚊子和它们所携带的疟原虫子这样的微生物生存。
1985年之后在卢旺达.赞比亚.埃塞俄比亚.斯威土兰和马达加斯加的高海拨地区都出现过传染性疟疾。1988年马达加斯加高地的一次爆发杀死了10万多人。国际绿色和平组织的气象影响专家欧文.杰元逊认为,升温和降雨的增加,再加上不断增加的抗药性,这几种因素的协同一致,促成了这些疾病的流行。
在疟疾、黄热病和登革热这样的疾病向上、向外的扩散中,气候是个关键的因素,因为它既影响带病昆虫的安居之地,也影响疾病的传染性本身。传播疟疾的按蚊通常在冬天需要平均温度15.5摄氏度以上才能存活,疟原虫的活跃与感染,需要17.75摄氏度,如果平均温度增加2.5至3.7517.75摄氏度,就会使登革热的传播速度加倍。同时迁移的还有携带黄热病和登革热的伊蚊,它们此前局限于赤道两侧纬度大约35度的区域,全球升温将使它的活动范围扩展到纽约、芝加哥、北京、伊斯坦布尔和马德里。
这并非耸人听闻,1999年7月,西尼罗首次登陆西半球,袭击了纽约市,令市民和医疗卫生组织大为震惊,当局动用直升机和地面人员在市内大面积喷洒杀虫剂来消灾灭病。长期跟踪研究这种疾病的流行病学家和卫生专家把这种疾病的爆发流行照咎于全球气候大规模长期变化对当地气候的影响。专家们对一个日益谈暖的地球对人类健康的影响越来越担以,并提醒人们应该人新的疾病的爆发和它因气候变化的关系中吸取教训。据2000年元月报道,一个目前在西海岸加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州出现流感以后,包括纽约、宾夕法尼亚、新泽西、弗吉尼亚、马里兰和首都华盛顿在内的19个州都有这种疾病流和。引发上次流感的是一种称作“悉尼A型流感”的,流感导致的死亡率在美国呈上升之势,据一周内122个美国城市的数据,因患流感或肺炎而死亡的人数占死亡总数的7.8%。这不啻是2000年给全球二氧化碳排放大国的一个警告。
西尼罗、疟疾、黄热病等热带传染病自1987年以来在美国的佛罗里达、密西西比、德克萨斯、亚利桑那、加利福尼亚和科罗拉多等地相继爆发,一再证实了专家们关于气候变暖,一些热带疾病将向较冷的地区传播的科学推断。
4.新冰河期
现在的物种灭绝率已经 “达到地质史上一次巨大灭绝性一半的水平”。
——戴维·蒂尔曼
关于全球变暖的另一项研究结果更令人吃惊,由北极冰原融化,降雨量增加,以及风的类型的不断改变,大量淡水正汇入北西洋,从而对墨西哥湾暖流造成破坏。正是这些暖流把温暖的表层水从加勒比海带到欧州西北部,并使欧洲形成温暖的气候。而墨西哥暖流一旦因全球变暖被切断后,欧洲西北部温度可能会下降5-8摄氏度之多,欧洲可能面临一次新的冰河时代!
这项研究是位于阿伯丁的苏格兰海洋实验所分析了设在兰群岛海域到法罗群岛海域之间自1893年以来的1.7万多次海水盐度测量结果得出的。在过去的每20年中,流向南部的深层海水盐度变得越来越小,浓度越来越低,这表明有更多的淡水从大西洋北部汇入了该地区。这些新数据第一次充分证明了德国科学家在大约3年前设计的计算机模型。
对这一问题严重性的认识,用哈佛大学生物学家受德华·O·威尔逊的话来说,现在的物种灭绝率已经 “达到地质史上一次巨大灭绝性一半的水平”。
大气中的二氧化碳的含量急剧升高,而世界人口将在2050年之前达到100亿。“我们的世界正在朝着由人造设施来代替现有免费自然的方向发展”,明尼苏达大学的戴维·蒂尔曼说。但是,我们还没有掌握自然生态系统的有关知识。在2.45亿年前的二叠纪大灭绝中,96%的物种灭亡了。后来随着许多新物种的出现,地球上终于恢复了丰富的种群,但是这个过程足足经历了一亿年。威尔逊说:“一些人认为,自然界会复兴人类所毁灭的一切” 。谚语云:“只要有足够的时间,万物皆可应运而生。”或许自然界真的能够恢复一切,但这个漫长的过程对于现代人类无论如何是没有意义的。
马克·吐温曾经说过,天气最动人的特质就在于它的变化多端。1个多世纪过去了,我们仍然在为准确预报天气情况而努力,在控制气候方面却收效甚微;然而,对环境的破坏却是史无前例的。
美国全球变化研究主任迈克尔·麦克拉说,或许有一天人类将不得不认真考虑做一种完全不同的气候实验。全球变暖是由于燃烧化学物燃料,过量排放温室气体造成的,解决此问题的方法之一就是在太空中设置巨大镜子来使阳光辐射解度发生偏转。然而,正如新泽西州拉特洛斯大学环境预测中以主任罗尼.阿维萨说,“要控制气候的想法只存在于科幻中”。在对气候的控制走出科幻前,我们必须做力所能及的事。
‘减缓全球变暖,我们应该从自己做起,从身边的小事做起’翻译为英语怎么写?
The causes of global warming are large volumes of greenhouse gas has been discharged and large areas of forest (he) been cut down.
“减缓全球变暖,我们应该从自己做起,从身边的小事做起”的英文为:“To slow down global warming, we should start from ourselves and small things around us”。
关键词组:
1、slow down
英 [sl? da?n] 美 [slo? da?n]?
(使)放慢;(使)减速;(使)身心松弛;(使)放松
例句:The?car?slowed?down?as?they?passed?Customs?
过海关的时候,车速慢了下来。
2、global warming
英 [?ɡl?bl ?w?m?] 美 [?ɡlo?bl ?w?rm?]?
n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖
例句:Global?warming?is?a?real?problem?
全球变暖是个严重的问题。
3、start from
英 [stɑ?t fr?m] 美 [stɑ?rt fr?m]?
出发;从…开始
例句:Hong?Kong's?manufacturing?industry?did?not?start?from?scratch?in?the?post-war?period.?
战后,香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。
扩展资料:
slow down的各种形态:
1、slows down(第三人称单数)
英 [sl?z da?n] 美 [slo?z da?n]?
减慢
例句:The?conversation?slows?down?the?action?of?the?play.?
这些对话使剧情进展有所减缓。
2、slowing down(现在分词)
英 [?sl da?n] 美 [?slo da?n]?
减速;放缓进程;放慢;慢化;慢下来
例句:The?accident?was?caused?by?people?slowing?down?to?rubber-neck.?
事故是由为了看热闹而减速的人引起的。
3、slowed down(过去式)
英 [sl?d da?n] 美 [slo?d da?n]?
减速;减慢
例句:The?car?slowed?down?as?they?passed?Customs?
过海关的时候,车速慢了下来。